Image coding, also known as image compression, is a process that involves reducing the amount of data required to represent an image, while maintaining its visual quality. This is done in order to save storage space and reduce transmission time when sharing images over networks. Different compression techniques such as lossless and lossy compression are used to achieve this, with the goal of preserving as much detail as possible while reducing file size. Image coding is widely used in various applications such as multimedia, medical imaging, remote sensing, and more recently in virtual reality and augmented reality technologies.